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Parables & Allegories Barren Fig Tree This parable describes a fig tree that did not bear fruit for three years, the owner decides to give it one more year to bear fruit before cutting it down. Barren Fig Tree Become as a Child Jesus admonishes his disciples to become as children in their humility, trust, and lack of status-seeking, in order to enter the kingdom of heaven. Become as a Child Born Again Jesus admonishes Nicodemus, a Pharisee and ruler of the Jews, to be born again in order to see the kingdom of God Born Again Bread of Life Sermon In Christ's Bread of Life Sermon, Jesus proclaims that he is the bread of life that came down from heaven, and that those who believe in him will have eternal life. Bread of Life Sermon Budding Fig Tree In the Budding Fig Tree parable, Jesus tells his disciples to learn from the fig tree, which sprouts new leaves as a sign that summer is near, to help them recognize the signs of the end times. Budding Fig Tree Camel through Eye of Needle In the camel through the eye of a needle allegory, Jesus uses a metaphor to emphasize the difficulty many have when having to choose between temporal wealth and pursuing the kingdom of God. Camel through Eye of Needle Cost of Discipleship Jesus teaches his followers that they must be willing to give up everything to be his disciple. Cost of Discipleship Cursing the Fig Tree The allegory of the Cursing of the Fig Tree symbolizes Jesus' judgment of Israel's spiritual barrenness and unbelief. Cursing the Fig Tree Divided Kingdom, strong man The parable of the Divided Kingdom explains that Satan's kingdom cannot stand if it is divided against itself and will come to an end. Divided Kingdom, strong man Empty House, Hidden Treasure In the parable of the Empty House, Hidden Treasure, Jesus warns that if an unclean spirit is cast out of a person, but the person does not fill the void with good, the spirit will return with more evil spirits, and the last state of that person will be worse than the first. Empty House, Hidden Treasure Faithful vs. Wicked Servant Jesus compares faithful and wise servants who do their duties and are rewarded with wicked and lazy servants who neglect their responsibilities and are punished. Faithful vs. Wicked Servant Feed My Sheep Jesus uses this allegory in a conversation with Peter in which Jesus instructs Peter to tend and care for his followers as a shepherd tends and feeds his sheep. Feed My Sheep 1 2 3 4 5 1 ... 1 2 3 4 5 6 ... 6

This parable describes a fig tree that did not bear fruit for three years, the owner decides to give it one more year to bear fruit before cutting it down. Barren Fig Tree Luke 13:6-9 ( INT ) The Parable of the Barren Fig Tree tells the story of a man who planted a fig tree in his vineyard, which did not bear fruit for three years. The man decided to cut down the tree, but the gardener asked for one more year to cultivate it to see if it would bear fruit. The parable is often interpreted as a call to repentance. The barren fig tree represents Israel, which had failed to bear fruit despite having the Gospel. The gardener represents Jesus, who intercedes for sinners and gives them the ability and opportunity to repent. This parable has significant context. In the Old Testament, the fig tree is often used as a symbol of Israel, as in Jeremiah 8:13 ( INT ), where it says, "I will take away their harvest, declares the Lord. There will be no grapes on the vine. There will be no figs on the tree." There are many symbolic references to figs and fig trees ( תְּאֵנָה tᵊ'ēnâ ) in the Old Testament, and some of these references are directly related to Christ's parable. In the New Testament, Jesus also cursed a fig tree ( συκῆ sykē) in Matthew 21:18-19 ( INT ), which was seen as a symbol of judgment on Israel. The fact that the fig tree in the parable was given one more year to bear fruit is seen as a reference to the year of Jubilee ( יוֹבֵל , ἄφεσις ) , a time of redemption, forgiveness, and restoration in both the Old and New Testaments. This parable had important cultural implications. In the Middle East, figs were a valuable crop and a sign of prosperity. They were one of the " seven species " of fruits that were traditionally offered at the Temple. The fact that the fig tree did not bear fruit for three years showed failure and disappointment on multiple levels. The owner of the vineyard's frustration and desire to cut down the tree would have been understandable to Jesus' audience. However, the gardener's plea for more time and willingness to work to cultivate the tree shows a different perspective of patience and mercy. This parable teaches the importance of bearing fruit in one's life, but also the grace and patience of God in allowing us to make needed adjustments to turn our lives around. However, Matthew 21:18-19 warns that one should not procrastinate this gift. Additional Resources: Reaping the Rewards of Righteousness by Quentin L. Cook

Previous Next Doctrine & Covenants 77a — Study Guide CFM Materials Doctrine & Covenants 77a — Study Guide Section Heading “Revelation given to Joseph Smith the Prophet, at Hiram, Ohio, about March 1832.” Joseph received this Q&A-style revelation while translating the Book of Revelation (JST). It provides prophetic insight and symbolic interpretation of apocalyptic imagery, emphasizing the Lord’s plan, the role of the priesthood, and the timing of latter-day events. Timeframe & Setting Date: March 1832 Location: John Johnson home, Hiram, Ohio Context: Received during the Joseph Smith Translation (JST) project. The Prophet was translating Revelation 4–11 and asked the Lord for clarification. The answers came by revelation. Historical Background: This revelation was a direct fruit of Joseph's inspired translation process, which also produced D&C 45, 76, 86, and 91. Sidney Rigdon likely served as scribe. Joseph was actively focused on interpreting the meaning of prophetic visions through the lens of restored knowledge. Purpose of the Revelation To unveil symbolic elements in Revelation (e.g., beasts, seals, trumpets, angels, little book). To show that the events in John's Revelation were literal and prophetic —not mere allegory. To reveal the structure of time (7,000 dispensations of the earth’s temporal existence). To define the roles of priesthood, angels, and prophets in the last days. To encourage the Saints to understand apocalyptic prophecy through modern revelation. Significance This is one of the most explicit Latter-day Saint commentaries on the Book of Revelation , offering prophetic interpretation through restored doctrine. Introduces the idea of the earth’s temporal 7,000-year cycle , a pattern that ties to creation symbolism. Describes non-human creations (animals, spirits, angels) as eternal beings in God’s plan. Declares that Elias is a title or role involving restoration (compare D&C 77:9, 14). Connects priesthood ordination , missionary work, and angelic authority to apocalyptic fulfillment (D&C 77:11). Provides key language about the Church of the Firstborn , the seal of God , and the role of high priests in the final gathering. Doctrine & Covenants 77:1 — The Sea of Glass Scripture Block “Q. What is the sea of glass spoken of by John, 4th chapter, and 6th verse of the Revelation? A. It is the earth, in its sanctified, immortal, and eternal state.” 👉 D&C 77:1 👉 Revelation 4:6 (KJV) — “And before the throne there was a sea of glass like unto crystal…” Doctrinal Summary The “sea of glass” represents the earth in its exalted, celestial state —after being sanctified and glorified. This reveals not just a future condition of purity but the culmination of the Plan of Redemption , where earth itself becomes a holy instrument in the celestial order. Joseph Smith later clarifies (in D&C 130 ) that this celestial earth will function as a Urim and Thummim —a source of divine knowledge and revelation. Language & Cultural Insights “Sea of Glass” (θάλασσα ὑαλίνη) Greek from Revelation 4:6 describes a sea like crystal, denoting divine clarity and transcendence . Compare with Exodus 24:10 — a sapphire pavement under God's throne, an ancient image of holiness beneath divine feet. Sanctified Earth as Urim and Thummim D&C 130:6–9 : In its celestial state, the earth becomes a Urim and Thummim , revealing knowledge of its own kingdom. Urim (אוּרִים) = “Lights” → Exodus 28:30 Thummim (תֻּמִּים) = “Perfections” → Pl. of תֹּם ( tom From תָּמַם tomam ) “innocence, integrity, completeness, fullness, to be sound, to make sound, unimpared, whole” Each exalted being also receives a white stone ( Revelation 2:17 ), functioning as a personal revelatory tool. Reflection Questions What does it teach me about the future of the earth—and my own destiny—that this planet will be exalted and glorified? In what ways does the sanctification of the earth mirror the sanctification of individuals? How might I seek greater spiritual clarity or divine knowledge today, while still in a telestial world? Cross-References & Supporting Scripture Biblical and Scriptural Contexts Revelation 4:6 Exodus 24:10 D&C 130:6–9 D&C 88:17–20 — “The earth… shall be renewed and receive its paradisiacal glory” Revelation 2:17 — the “white stone” of personal revelation General Conference Talks The Grandeur of God – Jeffrey R. Holland (Oct. 2003) — Emphasizes divine transparency and access to God's nature The Redemption of the Dead and the Testimony of Jesus – D. Todd Christofferson (Oct. 2000) — Testifies of cosmic redemption and sanctification of all things Doctrine and Covenants 77:2 Verse 2: Q: What are we to understand by the four beasts, spoken of in the same verse? A: They are figurative expressions, used by the Revelator, John, in describing heaven, the paradise of God, the happiness of man, and of beasts, and of creeping things, and of the fowls of the air; that which is spiritual being in the likeness of that which is temporal; and that which is temporal in the likeness of that which is spiritual; the spirit of man in the likeness of his person, as also the spirit of the beast, and every other creature which God has created. Corresponding Revelation Reference: Revelation 4:6–9 John sees “four beasts full of eyes,” each with distinct faces: a lion, a calf, a man, and an eagle. Ezekiel 1:5–10 – The prophet’s vision includes four “living creatures” with four faces and wings, gleaming like burnished brass. Ezekiel 10:14–22 – These creatures are explicitly identified as cherubim . Genesis 3:24 – Cherubim guard the Tree of Life in Eden. Exodus 25:18–22 – Cherubim were placed on the mercy seat of the Ark of the Covenant. Symbolic Meaning of the Beasts These “beasts” or living creatures are not mere animals but highly symbolic beings that represent the glory of God’s creation—humanity, domestic animals, wild beasts, and birds—redeemed and glorified in the presence of God. Their composite forms symbolize the full spectrum of created life, now dwelling in “the paradise of God.” Joseph Smith affirms that both man and beast have spirits that exist in the image of their mortal forms. This establishes a broader eschatological vision where not only mankind but all creation has a future in the sanctified cosmos (cf. Romans 8:19–22 ). Language & Word Studies Word Studies Creature Greek (NT) Hebrew (OT) Symbolism Man Anthrōpos ἄνθρωπος 'āḏām אָדָם Intelligence, humanity, Priesthood, Reason, a symbol used on Ruben’s banner in the Camp of Israel (Numbers 2) Ezekiel 1:10 , Revelation 4:7 Lion Leōn λέων ărî ah אַרְיֵה Kingship, Authority, Courage, Divine Judgement. Associated with the Messiah. Tribal banner for Judah. Revelation 4:7 , Genesis 49:9 , Revelation 5:5 , Ezekiel 1:10 Ox/Calf Moschos Μόσχος Shor שׁוֹר also associated with אָלֶף ( aleph ) – ox Strength, Endurance, Sacrifice, Priesthood, Leadership, Drafting/ Domestic labor, Covenant relationship between a Master/ Apprentice. Symbol for Ephraim’s banner. Ezekiel 10:14 Eagle Aetos ἀετός nešer נֶשֶׁר Sovereignty, swiftness, Vision, Heavenly Ascent, Divine Messenger. A symbol for Dan’s banner sometimes depicted as a serpent or eagle. Ezekiel 1:10 , Exodus 19:4 Related Themes in Apocalyptic and Temple Imagery The cherubim imagery surrounding God’s throne appears in Ezekiel and Revelation, suggesting these symbolic creatures are not only alive but represent entire categories of glorified creation in the divine presence. The “eyes” (covered with eyes) and wings tie into divine omniscience and omnipresence (to be explored in Segment 4). These beings are not fictional but represent divine realities manifest in visionary form. Reflection Questions Why would God choose composite creatures to symbolize the heavenly hosts? What does it mean that animals and humans alike have spirits and destinies in eternity? How do these symbols deepen your understanding of what “paradise” includes? General Conference Links “Where Justice, Love, and Mercy Meet” – Elder Jeffrey R. Holland (Apr 2015) : On the scope of redemption through Christ. Doctrine and Covenants 77: 3 – Individual Beasts vs. Orders of Glory Verse 3: Q: Are the four beasts limited to individual beasts, or do they represent classes or orders? A: “They are limited to four individual beasts, which were shown to John, to represent the glory of the classes of beings in their destined order or sphere of creation, in the enjoyment of their eternal felicity.” Scripture Base Revelation 4:6–8 : “Four living creatures” described by John, each with a unique form, surrounding the throne of God. Ezekiel 10:14–15 : Ezekiel’s “living creatures” are identified as cherubim , each having four faces—man, lion, ox, eagle—just as seen in Revelation. Doctrine & Covenants 77:2–4 : The beasts are individual beings, yet symbolic of higher truths and broader orders of creation. Linguistic & Cultural Context Theological Significance Joseph Smith’s explanation affirms that each beast is a distinct individual , but their form and placement signify the representative glory of broader classes of beings across creation—suggesting a celestial taxonomy or hierarchy. This prepares the way to explore Dionysius’s schema of angelic orders , which mirrors this structure. Dionysius the Areopagite’s Celestial Hierarchy Source: The Celestial Hierarchy (Pseudo-Dionysius, ca. 5th–6th century AD) Dionysius taught that the cosmos is organized into three tiers of angelic beings , each with three ranks , forming a divine hierarchy through which glory and knowledge flow from God to all creation. Hierarchy of the Nine Orders of Angels: Triad Level Angelic Orders Function 1st (Highest) Seraphim , Cherubim , Thrones Contemplate and reflect divine glory directly. Around God’s throne. 2nd Dominions , Virtues , Powers Govern cosmic order, laws of nature, and divine authority. 3rd (Lowest) Principalities , Archangels , Angels Minister to mortals; communicate messages and guide individuals. The first triad aligns most closely with the four living creatures (especially cherubim and thrones ) described in Ezekiel and Revelation. The beasts may represent individuals , but their forms and stations parallel these higher ranks, suggesting that the divine world is organized according to “orders or spheres of creation” . Key Terms and Symbolism Term Meaning Hebrew Greek Order A sphere or class within the heavenly hierarchy צָבָא ( tsābā’ ) – “host” τάξις ( taxis ) – “arranged rank” Glory Divine radiance, exaltation כָּבוֹד ( kābōd ) δόξα ( doxa ) Felicity Eternal happiness and fulfillment אַשְׁרֵי ( ashrei ) – “blessed” ( Psalm 1:1 ) μακάριος ( makarios ) – “blessed, happy” ( G3107 ) Early Christian & Jewish Context Philo of Alexandria and other Hellenistic Jewish thinkers also affirmed cosmic grades of intelligences and beings , mirroring Plato’s “great chain of being.” In rabbinic tradition , celestial beings were understood to operate in levels of proximity to God, often seen in apocalyptic visions (e.g., 1 Enoch , 3 Baruch ). Early Christian mystics such as Gregory the Great and Origen later “refined” Dionysius’s angelology, applying it to human sanctification and Church order. Reflection Questions How do symbolic individuals reflect eternal realities beyond themselves? Why might God use visible individuals to teach about invisible hierarchies? How does knowing there are “orders” or “classes” of glory influence our understanding of salvation and eternal roles? General Conference Links “ The Eye of Faith ” – Elder Neil L. Andersen (Apr 2019): Seeing the eternal order beyond the mortal veil. “ The Greatest Possession ” – Elder Jeffrey R. Holland (Oct 2021): Touches on the ultimate aim of divine felicity and glory. Doctrine and Covenants 77:4: “Eyes & Wings of the Living Creatures” Verse 4: 4. Q. What are we to understand by the eyes and wings, which the beasts had? A. Their eyes are a representation of light and knowledge, that is, they are full of knowledge; and their wings are a representation of power, to move, to act, etc. D&C 77:4 Scripture Base in Revelation: Revelation 4:6–8 6. And before the throne there was a sea of glass like unto crystal: and in the midst of the throne, and round about the throne, were four beasts full of eyes before and behind. 7. And the first beast was like a lion, and the second beast like a calf, and the third beast had a face as a man, and the fourth beast was like a flying eagle. 8. And the four beasts had each of them six wings about him; and they were full of eyes within: and they rest not day and night, saying, Holy, holy, holy, Lord God Almighty, which was, and is, and is to come. Doctrinal Summary In D&C 77:4 , the Lord clarifies John’s vision: The eyes of the living creatures symbolize omniscience —perfect light and knowledge. Their wings signify omnipotence —sovereign power and the ability to act and carry out God’s will. Together these features teach us that heaven’s ministering beings both see all and have authority to execute divine purposes. Language & Cultural Insights Terms & Links Term Symbolic Role Link & Lexicon Entry Eyes Knowledge, seeing all עַיִן ( ʿayin ), ὀφθαλμός ( ophthalmos ) Wings Power, movement כָּנָף ( kanaph ) πτέρυξ ( pterux ) Parallel Biblical Passages Ezekiel’s Vision of Wheels “Full of Eyes” Ezekiel 1:18 & 10:14 Isaiah’s Six-Winged Seraphim Isaiah 6:2 Cherubim in Eden & Mercy Seat Guarding Eden: Genesis 3:24 Over the Ark: Exodus 25:18–22 Angelic Orders (Dionysius) Dionysius the Areopagite’s Nine Orders map “eyes” to perfect knowledge and “wings” to the power to carry out God’s will: Sphere Knowledge (“Eyes”) Power (“Wings”) Highest Seraphim , Cherubim H , G , Thrones Thrones (bear the Father’s decisions) Governance Dominions , Virtues G, Powers Virtues & Powers (execute heavenly decrees) Service/Ministry Principalities, Archangels, Angels Angels (minister to God’s children) Early Jewish & Christian Traditions Targum Jonathan on Ezekiel 1: Eyes = God’s “perfect foresight.” Irenaeus & Augustine: Link six-winged Seraphim to burning zeal + divine action. Byzantine Icons: Multifoil wings & eyes represent heaven’s perpetual watchfulness & activity. Application & Takeaway “Eyes” → God and His heavenly hosts see all things (omniscience). “Wings” → They have sovereign power to enact the Father’s will. Our Challenge → Cultivate both spiritual insight (seek truth) and obedient action (live it)—so in our small way we mirror heaven’s order. Reflection Questions How does knowing that heaven’s creatures both see all and act with power shape your trust in divine governance? In what ways can you cultivate greater spiritual insight (“eyes”) and obedient action (“wings”) in your daily life? What does this vision teach about the balance of knowledge and authority in God’s kingdom? Conference Insights Elder David A. Bednar , “ Your Whole Soul as an Offering to Him ” Elder Jeffrey R. Holland , “ Terror, Triumph, and a Wedding Feast ” (Jan 2025) Elder Dale G. Renlund , “ Personal Preparation to Meet the Savior ” (Apr 2025) Doctrine and Covenants 77:5 – The Twenty-Four Elders Verse 4 Question: What are we to understand by the four and twenty elders, spoken of by John? Answer: “We are to understand that these elders whom John saw were elders who had been faithful in the work of the ministry and were then in the paradise of God.”Read D&C 77:5 Location in Revelation: Revelation 4:4 “And round about the throne were four and twenty seats: and upon the seats I saw four and twenty elders sitting, clothed in white raiment; and they had on their heads crowns of gold.” Doctrinal Summary Twenty-four redeemed “elders” symbolize the fullness of covenant people before God’s throne—Israel’s twelve tribes united with Christ’s twelve apostles. White robes signify purity; golden crowns signify the reward of eternal life. Their station “in the paradise of God” underscores their perfected, eternal state. Language & Cultural Insights Language & Cultural Insights Term Greek Hebrew elder πρεσβύτερος (presbyteros) זָקֵן (zaqen) throne θρόνος (thronos) כִּסֵּ א ( kisse ) paradise παράδεισος ( paradeisos ) פַּרְדֵּס ( pardes ) white λευκός ( leukos ) לָבָן (lavan) crown στέφανος (stephanos) כֶּתֶר ( keter ) Biblical “12 / 24” Patterns Twelve Tribes encamped around the Tabernacle ← Numbers 2:1–34 Twelve Apostles promised twelve thrones ← Matthew 19:28 Twelve Gates & Twelve Foundations of the New Jerusalem ← Revelation 21:12 , 21:14 Twenty-Four Priestly Courses in David’s Temple ← 1 Chronicles 24:1–19 Twelve Hours Day / Night ← Greater light to rule the day / lesser to rule the night: Genesis 1:14–19 Symbolic & Temple Imagery Sea of glass like crystal reflecting all light frequencies ← Revelation 4:6 Rainbow encircling the throne ← Ezekiel 1:28 Rainbow as God’s covenant sign/ token : Genesis 9:13–16 Chromatic (12) / Diatonic (7) tones echo creation’s patterns (light and sound: color wheel, electromagnetic frequencies, Harmonic frequencies…) Psalm 92:3–4 Seven days of creation: Genesis 1:1–2 Bring It Together: The twenty-four elders encapsulate God’s perfectly ordered covenant people— 12 × 2 —reflecting creation’s rhythms (7 days → 24 hours) and Israel’s and the Church’s governance (tribes, apostles, priestly courses). Their white robes , golden crowns , and position around the glassy sea symbolize purity, rewarded discipleship, and God’s all-encompassing light. Reflection Questions How does the “2 × 12” motif shape your understanding of God’s covenant order ( The Holy Priesthood, after the Order of the Son of God )? In what ways can our temple covenants invite us to “sit” as elders around God’s throne? What do the white-robe purity and golden-crown reward teach about discipleship? Cross- References & Further Study Book of Mormon Twelve judges over Nephites ← Alma 63:9 Gathering of all twelve tribes ← 3 Nephi 20–22 General Conference “ Moving Closer to Him ” – Craig A. Cardon (October 2006) Word Studies Webster’s 1828; Etymonline definitions for “ throne ,” “ crown ,” “ white ” Doctrine and Covenants 77:6–7 – “The Sealed Book & the Seven Thousand Years” Verses 6–7 Q6: What are we to understand by the book which John saw , which was sealed on the back with seven seals ? A6: “We are to understand that it contains the revealed will (θέλημα – thelēma ), mysteries (μυστήριον – mustērion ), and the works of God ; the hidden things of His economy (οἰκονομία – oikonomia ) concerning this earth during the seven thousand years (χίλιοι – chilioi ; אֶלֶף – ’elep̄ ) of its continuance, or its temporal existence .” Q7: What are we to understand by the seven seals with which it was sealed? A7: “We are to understand that the first seal contains the things of the first thousand years , and the second also of the second thousand years , and so on until the seventh .” Scripture Base Revelation 5:1–5 1. And I saw in the right hand of him that sat on the throne a book written within and on the backside, sealed with seven seals. 2. And I saw a strong angel proclaiming with a loud voice, Who is worthy to open the book, and to loose the seals thereof? 3. And no man in heaven, nor in earth, neither under the earth, was able to open the book, neither to look thereon. 4. And I wept much, because no man was found worthy to open and to read the book, neither to look thereon. 5. And one of the elders saith unto me, Weep not: behold, the Lion of the tribe of Juda, the Root of David, hath prevailed to open the book, and to loose the seven seals thereof. Doctrinal Summary John’s sealed book serves as a divine dispensational ledger : seven “seals” unlock successive eras of earth’s history, each corresponding to a “thousand years” (symbolic of a dispensation or “period,” cf. שָׁנוֹת – shanot ), culminating in the final, millennial era. Language & Cultural Insights Term / Phrase Greek Hebrew book βιβλίον biblion (bib’-lee-on) sepher סֵפֶר sealed σφραγίζω phragizō (frag-id’-zo) ḥātam חָתַם to seal, ḥăṯam חֲתַם to be sealed will θέλημα thelēma (thay-lay’-mah) rāṣôn רָצוֹן mysteries μυστήριον mustērion (moos-tay’-ree-on) sôḏ סוֹד – sacred truths revealed in their appointed times . economy οἰκονομία oikonomia (oy-kaw-no-mee’-ah) mishkān מִשְׁכָּן – God’s master plan—the stewarding of history toward His purposes. thousand(s) χίλιοι chilioi (khee’-lee-oy) “a large number.” Our modern “1,000” with zeros derives from later Arabic numerals (7th–8th c. AD). ’elep̄ אֶלֶף – The ancient Hebrew lacked a place-value numeral for “1,000” (three zeros). The term אֶלֶף ( ’elep̄ ) denoted a host or unit under leadership (e.g., 1 Sam 17:28 ). years ἔτη etē (ay’-tay) shanot שָׁנוֹת – plural of Shenah, meaning a division of time. Can imply “year,” “dispensation,” or “era.” seal (first… seventh) σφραγὶς sphragis (frag-is’) ḥôtām חוֹתָם – a seal or signet ring (same root as the seal above). dispensation οἰκονομία oikonomia (oy-kaw-no-mee’-ah) same word as economy, which means “family/house law.” oikos + nomos “ olam ” (עוֹלָם) everlasting: past, present, and future Biblical & Book of Mormon Parallels “A day is as a thousand years” ( 2 Peter 3:8 ) Creation’s seven “days” → seven dispensations ( Genesis 1–2 ) Millennial reign (the 7th dispensation) ( Revelation 20:1–6 ) “Seasons” of judgment —“in their time and in their seasons” ( 2 Nephi 9:43 ) Reflection Questions How does interpreting χίλιοι – chilioi ; אֶלֶף – ’elep̄ ) אֶלֶף as “host” or “unit” reshape your view of biblical chronology? In what ways have you personally moved through distinct dispensations of learning or growth? How does seeing each “year” as a divinely ordered era affect your trust in God’s timing? Cross References “The Millennium, Eternal Judgment, and the End of the Earth” — President Joseph Fielding Smith) “Moving Closer to Him ” — Craig A. Cardon (Oct 2006) Doctrine and Covenants 77:8 — “The Four Angels Over the Four Corners of the Earth” Verse 8 Q. What are we to understand by the four angels, spoken of in the 7th chapter and 1st verse of Revelation? A. We are to understand that they are four angels sent forth from God, to whom is given power over the four parts of the earth, to save life and to destroy; these are they who have the everlasting gospel to commit to every nation, kindred, tongue, and people; having power to shut up the heavens, to seal up unto life, or to cast down to the regions of darkness.” Read: D&C 77:8 Scripture Block Revelation 7:1 “And after these things I John saw four angels standing on the four corners of the earth, holding the four winds of the earth, that the wind should not blow on the earth, nor on the sea, nor on any tree.” Read: Revelation 7:1 Doctrinal Summary In Revelation 7:1 and its D&C 77 explication, the four angels represent divine agents stationed “at the four corners of the earth” with delegated authority. They hold “power over the four parts of the earth,” meaning they govern the timing and extent of calamities (“to destroy”) and protections (“to save life”). These same angels also bear the everlasting gospel to every nation, kindred, tongue, and people and possess keys to shut heaven’s blessings , seal the righteous unto life , or cast the wicked into darkness —linking judgment with covenant blessings. Language & Cultural Insights “angels” (Greek ἄγγελοι (ángeloi) ; Hebrew מַלְאָכִים (mal’ākhīm) ) Heavenly messengers or agents of God’s will—often stationed at cosmic “watchposts” (cf. Zechariah 6:5–6 ). “power” (Greek ἐξουσία (exousía) ; Hebrew שָׁלַט (shālaṭ) ) Authority to act, including both protective and destructive capacities. “four parts of the earth” Allusion to four cardinal directions (north, south, east, west); echoes four rivers in Eden ( Gen 2:10–14 ) and four cherubic faces ( Ezek 1:10 ). Parallels Israelite temple visions (see Ezekiel 7:2 ). “save life and … destroy” Dual role of divine judgment and divine preservation (cf. Jonah 4:11 ; Psalm 91:7 ). “Save” (Greek: σῴζω sōzō ; Hebrew: יָשַׁע yāša ) – “rescue, preserve.” “Destroy” (Greek: ἀπόλλυμι apollymi ; Hebrew: אָבַד ’āḇaḏ ) – “to perish, bring to spiritual ruin.” Reflects God’s mercy and judgment (cf. Moses 7:39 ). “everlasting gospel” Hebrew: עוֹלָם ‘ôlām (“everlasting”) – denotes an unending covenant (cf. Isaiah 59:21 ). (Greek εὐαγγέλιον (euangelion) ; Hebrew בְּשׂוֹרָה (besôrâ) ) The unchanging good news of salvation and the covenant of Christ. “every nation, kindred, tongue, and people” A fourfold inclusio (Greek ἔθνος (éthnos) ; γένος (genos) ; γλῶσσα (glōssa) ; λαός (laós) ) denoting totality of humankind . Standard New Testament formula for universality (cf. Revelation 5:9 ; 10:11 ). “to shut up the heavens” Echoes prophetic warnings where God “closes” spiritual blessings when a people are unrepentant (cf. Amos 8:11–12 ). “seal … unto life” (Greek σφραγίζω (phragízō) ; Hebrew חָתַם (ḥātam) ) Covenant-authorization marking individuals for divine protection (cf. Revelation 9:4 ; 14:1 , D&C 132:49 ; D&C 68:12 , Ezekiel 9:4–6 ). “cast down to the regions of darkness” Symbolic of spiritual exile and judgment , akin to “outer darkness” in New Testament usage (cf. Matthew 8:12 ; Jude 1:13 , Revelation 9:2 ; D&C 77:13 ). “Regions of darkness” = abode of the lost (cf. Alma 40:14 ). Reflection Questions How does recognizing angels as both protectors and executors of judgment shape my view of divine agency? In what ways do you see the “everlasting gospel” being carried to every nation, kindred, tongue, and people today? How does the imagery of “sealing unto life” influence my understanding of temple ordinances? Cross-References Biblical Parallels Revelation 7:1–3 Ezekiel 1:4–11 (angelic executioners marking the righteous) Matthew 24:31 (angels gathering elect) D&C 27:13–14 – Keys “committed unto angels.” Book of Mormon 3 Nephi 16:4–6 (angels ministering to scattered Israel) General Conference Talks and Scholastic Resources “ The Ministery of Angels ” — Elder Jeffrey R. Holland “Every Nation, Kindred, Tongue, and People” “ The Gathering of Scattered Israel ” “ Missionary Work and the Atonement ” — Elder Jeffrey R. Holland Doctrine and Covenants 77:9 — Angel Ascending from the East Verse 9 “Q. What are we to understand by the angel ascending from the east, Revelation 7th chapter and 2nd verse? A. We are to understand that the angel ascending from the east is he to whom is given the seal of the living God over the twelve tribes of Israel; wherefore, he crieth unto the four angels having the everlasting gospel, saying: Hurt not the earth, neither the sea, nor the trees, till we have sealed the servants of our God in their foreheads. And, if you will receive it, this is Elias which was to come to gather together the tribes of Israel and restore all things.” Read: D&C 77:9 Scripture Block Revelation 7:2 “And I saw another angel ascending from the east, having the seal of the living God: and he cried with a loud voice to the four angels, to whom it was given to hurt the earth and the sea.” Read: Revelation 7:2 Doctrinal Summary This verse identifies a special messenger—an angel ascending from the east —who carries the seal of the living God over the twelve tribes of Israel . He commands the four angels (D&C 77:8) holding the winds to delay judgment until the servants of God are sealed on their foreheads. Joseph Smith interprets this angel as Elias , the forerunner in the Restoration, commissioned to gather together the tribes of Israel and restore all things , inaugurating the final phase of covenant fulfillment. Language & Cultural Insights “angel ascending from the east” Greek: angelos (ἄγγελος) Greek: anatolē (ἀνατολή, “east”) Hebrew: מִזְרַח mizrach and קָדִים qāḏîm (“east”) “seal of the living God” Greek: sphragis (σφραγίς, “seal”) Hebrew: חָתַם ḥātham (“to seal”) “Living God” Hebrew: הָאֵל הַחַי ha- El ha- ḥay “twelve tribes of Israel” Greek: dōdeka phyle (δώδεκα φυλή) Hebrew: שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂר שְׁבָטִים shənêym -ʿ āsār sheḇāṭîm “four angels” Linked above in D&C 77:8 insights. “everlasting gospel” Hebrew: בְּשׂוֹרָה besôrâ (“good news”) “sealed the servants of our God” Greek: douloi doulos (“servants”) Hebrew: עֶבֶד ‘eḇeḏ ( “servant” ) “Elias” Greek: Ἠλίας ( Ēlías ) Hebrew: אֵלִיָּהוּ Eliyahu more in descriptions to follow “gather together the tribes of Israel” Greek: episynagō (ἐπισυνάγω, “to gather”) Hebrew: קָבַץ qāvaṣ (“to assemble, gather”) “restore all things” Greek: apokatastasis (ἀποκατάστασις, “restoration”) Hebrew: הָשִׁיב hāshiv (“to restore, return”) Reflection Questions What does the designation “angel ascending from the east” suggest about God’s timing and direction in the Restoration? How does the concept of being sealed shape your view of temple ordinances and your covenant relationship? In what ways can you see “Elias” or modern “Elias‐type” messengers gathering Israel today? Cross-References Scriptures: Revelation 7:3–4 – Further sealing language. D&C 27:13–14 – Keys “committed unto angels.” Isaiah 49:22–23 – Gathering of Israel imagery. Conference Talks and References: Restoring All Things “The Spirit of Revelation” — Elder David A. Bednar (April 2011) Church History: Jesus Christ restoring keys to Elijah / Elias in the Kirtland Temple ( D&C 110:13–16 ). Joseph Smith’s identification of John the Baptist as key messenger ( D&C 13 ).

Jesus calls his disciples to follow Him by denying their own desires and worldly ambitions to the extent that they would be willing to suffer and even die for the sake of the gospel, just as he would. Take up Cross Matthew 16:24–28 JST ( INT ) Mark 8:34–38; 9:1 ( INT ) Luke 9:23-26 ( INT ) This section is currently under construction and review; please check back for more information in the future. Additional resources: Matthew 10:38 Luke 14:27 3 Nephi 12:29-30 Take Up Our Cross by Elder Ulisses Soares

In Christ's Bread of Life Sermon, Jesus proclaims that he is the bread of life that came down from heaven, and that those who believe in him will have eternal life. Bread of Life Sermon John 6:22-71 ( INT ) The Bread of Life allegory is one of the most significant taught by Jesus in the New Testament. This discourse was given following the miraculous feeding of 5,000 people with only five barley loaves ( ἄρτων artōn; לֶחֶם leḥem ) and two fish, which led many people to follow Jesus. But, sadly, Jesus points out that many following him were seeking Him not because of the teachings or the miraculous signs but because they were hungry and wanted more food. Jesus then teaches them that He is the Bread of Life, and whoever comes to Him will never be hungry or thirsty. The metaphorical language used by Christ was significant in ancient Jewish culture because bread was considered an essential food that symbolized life and sustenance. Moreover, it was symbolic of the manna ( μάννα , מָן ) God provided to the Israelites during their wilderness journey and was considered a miraculous food and sign supplied to them by the Lord himself. This miracle sustained them for forty years during their probationary wandering in the wilderness. Jesus explains that the Bread of Life He provides is not physical bread but His own flesh and blood. This statement shocks and confuses many of His followers, leading many to question how this could be possible, and some even leave. Christ even asks his apostles, "Will ye also go away?" Peter responds, " Lord, to whom shall we go? thou hast the words of eternal life." Jesus clarifies that He speaks figuratively and that His words are spirit and life. He emphasizes that those who eat His flesh and drink His blood will have eternal life. This metaphorical concept pertains to the covenants one makes when they partake of the Sacrament, reminiscent of the shewbread used in the ancient Temple. These symbolic principles are reminders of the life and mission of Christ, "to bring to pass the immortality and eternal life of man" ( Moses 1:39 ). The Saviors allegory has several important principles that continue to be essential for us today. Firstly, it reminds us that Jesus is the ultimate source of life and sustenance, and we must seek Him regularly for our spiritual nourishment. Secondly, it emphasizes the importance of faith in Jesus and the sacrifice He made for our salvation. Finally, it highlights the significance of the sacrament, where Jesus' followers, "the body of Christ," partakes in the bread and wine (water), symbolizing Jesus' body and blood. Overall, the Bread of Life allegory is a powerful and significant teaching that speaks to our deepest spiritual needs and reminds us of the central importance of Jesus in our lives. Additional Resources: I am the Bread of Life (Video) And Jesus Said unto Them: I Am the Bread of Life by Elder Gerrit W. Gong To Whom Shall We Go? by Elder M. Russell Ballard

Jesus warns his followers against sharing valuable teachings with those who are not receptive or appreciative of them. Pearls before Swine Matthew 7:6 ( INT ) This information is currently under construction and review; please check back for more information in the future. Additional Resources: 3 Nephi 14:6 The Blessing of Scripture by Elder D. Todd Christofferson Building a Community of Saints by Elder L. Tom Perry

Jesus contrasts the fate of a wealthy, selfish man and a poor, faithful beggar in the afterlife, highlighting the eternal consequences of one's choices and actions in life. Rich Man and Lazarus Luke 16:19–31 (INT) This information is currently under construction and review; please check back for more information in the future.

In the parable of the Empty House, Hidden Treasure, Jesus warns that if an unclean spirit is cast out of a person, but the person does not fill the void with good, the spirit will return with more evil spirits, and the last state of that person will be worse than the first. Empty House, Hidden Treasure Matthew 12:43–45 (INT) This information is currently under construction and review; please check back for more information in the future.

Jesus emphasizes the importance of making the right choices and following a difficult path that leads to eternal life, rather than the easy but ultimately destructive path that leads to destruction. Straight & Narrow Matthew 7:13-14 ( INT ) This section is currently under construction and review; please check back for more information in the future. Additional Resources: The Straight and Narrow Way by Elder Joseph B. Wirthlin

Music Theory Musical Symbols & Terminology

Jesus contrasts the obedience of one son who initially refused but eventually did his father's will, and the disobedience of the other son who promised to do his father's will but did not. Two Sons Matthew 21:28-32 ( INT ) This information is currently under construction and review; please check back for more information in the future. Additional Resources: The Atonement and the Journey of Mortality by David A. Bednar

Jesus teaches that true wisdom is justified by its works, and demonstrates the examples of John the Baptist and Jesus Christ. By their fruits, ye shall know them. Wisdom Justified of Her Children Matthew 11:16-19 ( INT ) This information is currently under construction and review; please check back for more information in the future. Additional Information: Proverbs 3, 4,8